Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line baking sheets with parchment paper.
Mix dry ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, ginger, and cloves.
Cream butter & sugar: In a large bowl, beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy (about 2–3 minutes).
Add wet ingredients: Beat in egg, molasses, and vanilla until well combined.
Combine: Gradually add dry ingredients to wet mixture, mixing until a soft dough forms.
Shape & coat: Roll dough into walnut-sized balls, then roll in extra sugar. Place 2 inches apart on baking sheets.
Bake: 10–12 minutes, until edges are set but centers look slightly soft.
Cool: Let cookies rest on baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack